Question

Present the following in logical forms adding the symbols A, E, I or O in each case:
(i) Any answer is not a good answer.

(ii) Every disease is not fatal.

(iii) All good speakers are not good writers.

Hint:

The "E" form represents universal negatives (No S are P), the "O" form represents particular negatives (Some S are not P), and other forms like "A" and "I" represent affirmative statements.

Answer 1

(i) Any answer is not a good answer.

Logical Form:
This statement suggests that no answer is a good answer, which is a universal negative. It corresponds to the "E" form (universal negative) because it denies the inclusion of the subject in the predicate. The logical form is: \[ \text{No answers are good answers.}
\text{(E form)} \]
(ii) Every disease is not fatal.

Logical Form:
This statement implies that some diseases are not fatal, which is a particular negative. It corresponds to the "O" form (particular negative), as it makes a claim about some diseases not being fatal. The logical form is: \[ \text{Some diseases are not fatal.}
\text{(O form)} \]
(iii) All good speakers are not good writers.

Logical Form:
This statement suggests that all good speakers do not belong to the category of good writers, which is also a universal negative. It corresponds to the "E" form (universal negative) because it denies the inclusion of the subject in the predicate. The logical form is: \[ \text{All good speakers are not good writers.}
\text{(E form)} \]
Conclusion: The logical forms for each statement are as follows: (i) E form (universal negative) (ii) O form (particular negative) (iii) E form (universal negative)