Question

\(\pi\) bond is formed by _____.

• A. Overlapping of orbitals along internuclear axis
• B. Lateral overlapping of orbitals
• C. Transfer of electrons
• D. All the above

Hint:

\[ \sigma \text{-bond} \rightarrow \text{head-on overlap} \] \[ \pi \text{-bond} \rightarrow \text{sidewise overlap} \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:
Chemical bonds are formed due to overlap of atomic orbitals. There are mainly two types of covalent bonds:
• Sigma \((\sigma)\) bond
• Pi \((\pi)\) bond A sigma bond is formed by head-on overlapping along the internuclear axis, whereas a pi bond is formed by lateral or sidewise overlapping of orbitals.

Step 1: Understanding formation of a \(\pi\)-bond.
In a \(\pi\)-bond:
• Parallel \(p\)-orbitals overlap sideways.
• Electron density is concentrated above and below the internuclear axis. This sideways overlap is called lateral overlapping. Thus, \[ \boxed{\pi \text{-bond is formed by lateral overlapping}} \]

Step 2: Why other options are incorrect.

• Overlapping along internuclear axis forms a sigma bond, not a pi bond.
• Transfer of electrons occurs in ionic bonding.
• Since all statements are not correct, “All the above” is incorrect. Hence, the correct answer is: \[ \boxed{(2)\ \text{Lateral overlapping of orbitals}} \]