Match the reactions of glucose given in Column I with the major product formed in the reaction as in Column II.
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In glucose reactions, \(Br_2\) water oxidises only the aldehyde group, concentrated \(HNO_3\) oxidises both terminal groups, and HI with heat reduces glucose completely to \(n\)-hexane.
Step 1: Reaction of glucose with HI on heating.
Glucose reacts with HI on heating and gets completely reduced to \(n\)-hexane.
\[
\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + HI \xrightarrow{\Delta} CH_3-(CH_2)_4-CH_3}
\]
So,
\[
A = Q
\]
Step 2: Reaction of glucose with bromine water.
Bromine water is a mild oxidising agent. It oxidises only the aldehyde group of glucose into carboxylic acid.
\[
\mathrm{CHO-(CHOH)_4-CH_2OH \xrightarrow{Br_2(aq)} HOOC-(CHOH)_4-CH_2OH}
\]
This product is gluconic acid.
So,
\[
B = S
\]
Step 3: Reaction of glucose with concentrated nitric acid.
Concentrated \(HNO_3\) is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises both the aldehyde group and the primary alcohol group of glucose into carboxylic acid groups.
\[
\mathrm{CHO-(CHOH)_4-CH_2OH \xrightarrow{conc.\ HNO_3} HOOC-(CHOH)_4-COOH}
\]
This product is saccharic acid or glucaric acid.
So,
\[
C = P
\]
Step 4: Reaction of glucose with Tollens' reagent.
Tollens' reagent oxidises the aldehyde group of glucose to carboxylate ion in ammoniacal medium.
The product formed is ammonium gluconate.
\[
\mathrm{CHO-(CHOH)_4-CH_2OH \xrightarrow{[Ag(NH_3)_2]OH} NH_4OOC-(CHOH)_4-CH_2OH}
\]
So,
\[
D = R
\]
Step 5: Combining all matched pairs.
From the above reactions, we get:
\[
A = Q
\]
\[
B = S
\]
\[
C = P
\]
\[
D = R
\]
Step 6: Matching with the given options.
The option containing the correct matching is:
\[
A = Q,\; B = S,\; C = P,\; D = R
\]
This corresponds to option (D). Step 7: Final Answer.
Thus, the correct match is:
\[
\boxed{A = Q,\; B = S,\; C = P,\; D = R}
\]
Hence, the correct answer is option (D).
