Question

Match the following scientific discoveries and techniques in List I with their corresponding scientists in List II:

List I
A. Polymerase Chain Reaction
B. Penicillin
C. Bacillus anthracis
D. Pasteurization
E. Smallpox Vaccine

List II
I. Robert Koch
II. Kary Mullis
III. Edward Jenner
IV. Alexander Fleming
V. Louis Pasteur

• A. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-V, E-III
• B. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-V, E-I
• C. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-V, E-III
• D. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-V, E-I

Hint:

Classic matches to remember:
- PCR = Kary Mullis
- Penicillin = Alexander Fleming
- Koch's Postulates first proven with Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) = Robert Koch
- Pasteurization = Louis Pasteur
- Vaccination = Edward Jenner

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question covers milestones in biotechnology, microbiology, and medicine, matching key discoveries with the scientists responsible for them.
Detailed Explanation:
Let us match each item:
A. Polymerase Chain Reaction (II. Kary Mullis):
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, which enables the in vitro amplification of specific DNA sequences, was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for this discovery.
B. Penicillin (IV. Alexander Fleming):
The first natural antibiotic, Penicillin, was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, who observed its production by the mold Penicillium notatum.
C. Bacillus anthracis (I. Robert Koch):
Robert Koch conducted pioneering work on Bacillus anthracis, the causal agent of anthrax.
He used this pathogen to demonstrate Koch's Postulates, establishing a scientific link between a specific microbe and a specific disease.
D. Pasteurization (V. Louis Pasteur):
The thermal process of pasteurization, used to eliminate pathogens in milk and other liquids, was developed by Louis Pasteur.
E. Smallpox Vaccine (III. Edward Jenner):
Edward Jenner developed the first successful vaccine in 1796, using cowpox virus to confer immunity against smallpox.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Matching the pairs: A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-V, E-III.
This sequence corresponds to Option (C).