Match the following city planning concepts in Group-I with their proponents in Group-II.
Group-I Group-II P - City Beautiful 1 - Robert Owen Q - Conservative Surgery 2 - Daniel Burnham R - Happy City 3 - Patrick Geddes S - Garden City 4 - Charles Montgomery 5 - Ebenezer Howard
Match the following city planning concepts in Group-I with their proponents in Group-II.
| Group-I | Group-II |
|---|---|
| P - City Beautiful | 1 - Robert Owen |
| Q - Conservative Surgery | 2 - Daniel Burnham |
| R - Happy City | 3 - Patrick Geddes |
| S - Garden City | 4 - Charles Montgomery |
| 5 - Ebenezer Howard |
Show Hint
- P - 2, Q - 5, R - 1, S - 4
- P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 5
- P - 4, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 5
- P - 1, Q - 2, R - 4, S - 3
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Each item in Group-I names a planning idea, and each name in Group-II is the person most closely tied to that idea in planning history. Going concept by concept:
- City Beautiful: this early 1900s American movement, aimed at civic grandeur through monumental buildings, axial boulevards and greenery, is tied to architect and planner Daniel Burnham, who led the 1893 Chicago World's Fair design and the 1909 Plan of Chicago.
- Conservative Surgery: this is the term Patrick Geddes used for his approach in India, where only the worst parts of a crowded old city are cleared and rebuilt while the rest of the fabric is kept, rather than demolishing whole neighbourhoods.
- Happy City: this idea, that urban design choices measurably affect how happy and connected residents feel, comes from Charles Montgomery's 2013 book "Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design".
- Garden City: this model of a self-contained town ringed by greenbelt, balancing the benefits of town and country, was proposed by Ebenezer Howard in his 1898 book "To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform".
So City Beautiful goes with Daniel Burnham (2), Conservative Surgery with Patrick Geddes (3), Happy City with Charles Montgomery (4), and Garden City with Ebenezer Howard (5). Robert Owen (1), a utopian social reformer behind early industrial model villages like New Lanark, is the unused distractor here.
Let's summarize:
- City Beautiful is Burnham's civic-grandeur movement; Garden City is Howard's greenbelt town model.
- Conservative Surgery is Geddes' minimal-intervention method for Indian cities; Happy City is Montgomery's wellbeing-focused urban design idea.
The correct match is P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 5, which is option (B).
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