Lowry's model of Metropolis (1964) includes two \underline{\hspace{2cm}} spatial interaction models.
Show Hint
- Doubly constrained = most widely used in urban planning models.
- Singly constrained
- Doubly constrained
- Unconstrained
- Triply constrained
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: About Lowry's model (1964).
Lowry's model of Metropolis was a pioneering attempt in urban planning to link land use and transport. It connects employment centers, residential areas, and service centers through a feedback process.
Step 2: Use of the gravity model.
The model uses the gravity interaction principle, where interaction between zones is proportional to their size (population, employment) and inversely proportional to distance.
Step 3: Constrained gravity models.
- Singly constrained model: Only one side (origin or destination) is fixed.
- Doubly constrained model: Both origin totals and destination totals are fixed, making it more realistic.
Lowry's model uses two doubly constrained spatial interaction models – one for residential distribution and one for service location.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is doubly constrained.
\[
\boxed{\text{Doubly constrained spatial interaction models}}
\]
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