Question

Match the column [

• A. P \( \rightarrow \) 4, Q \( \rightarrow \) 3, R \( \rightarrow \) 1, S \( \rightarrow \) 2
• B. P \( \rightarrow \) 1, Q \( \rightarrow \) 2, R \( \rightarrow \) 3, S \( \rightarrow \) 4
• C. P \( \rightarrow \) 4, Q \( \rightarrow \) 3, R \( \rightarrow \) 2, S \( \rightarrow \) 1
• D. P \( \rightarrow \) 3, Q \( \rightarrow \) 2, R \( \rightarrow \) 1, S \( \rightarrow \) 4

Hint:

In distillation methods: Simple distillation is for liquids with high boiling point differences, fractional distillation for small differences, steam distillation for heat-sensitive compounds, and reduced pressure distillation is for high boiling substances that decompose at boiling point.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding simple distillation (P).
Simple distillation is used for separating liquids with a significant difference in boiling points, generally greater than 50°C. This technique is used to purify liquids like water or to separate a volatile compound from non-volatile impurities. In this case, the correct match for simple distillation is:
\[ \text{(P) Simple distillation} \rightarrow \text{(D) Between two liquids having high difference in boiling point.} \]
Step 2: Understanding fractional distillation (Q).
Fractional distillation is used to separate liquids that have a smaller boiling point difference, generally less than 50°C. This method is efficient for separating mixtures of liquids like alcohol and water. The correct match for fractional distillation is:
\[ \text{(Q) Fractional distillation} \rightarrow \text{(C) Between two liquids having low difference in boiling point.} \]
Step 3: Understanding steam distillation (R).
Steam distillation is used to distill steam-volatile compounds that decompose at their boiling points. This technique is commonly used for separating essential oils and other heat-sensitive compounds. The correct match for steam distillation is:
\[ \text{(R) Steam distillation} \rightarrow \text{(A) For steam volatile compound.} \]
Step 4: Understanding distillation under reduced pressure (S).
Distillation under reduced pressure is used when the substance to be distilled has a high boiling point or decomposes at its boiling point. By lowering the pressure, we can distill these substances at lower temperatures. The correct match for distillation under reduced pressure is:
\[ \text{(S) Distillation under reduced pressure} \rightarrow \text{(B) For liquid having nature of decomposition at its B.P.} \]
Step 5: Final Answer.
Based on the above analysis, the correct matching is:
\[ \text{P} \rightarrow 4, \text{Q} \rightarrow 3, \text{R} \rightarrow 1, \text{S} \rightarrow 2 \] Therefore, the correct option is (A).
Final Answer: (A) P \( \rightarrow \) 4, Q \( \rightarrow \) 3, R \( \rightarrow \) 1, S \( \rightarrow \) 2.