Match List - I with List - II.
List - I
List - II
(a) Cohesion (i) More attraction in liquid phase (b) Adhesion (ii) Mutual attraction among water molecules (c) Surface tension (iii) Water loss in liquid phase (d) Guttation (iv) Attraction towards polar surfaces
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I | List - II | ||
| (a) | Cohesion | (i) | More attraction in liquid phase |
| (b) | Adhesion | (ii) | Mutual attraction among water molecules |
| (c) | Surface tension | (iii) | Water loss in liquid phase |
| (d) | Guttation | (iv) | Attraction towards polar surfaces |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
To solve the given problem, we need to match the terms in List - I with their corresponding descriptions in List - II based on their definitions and characteristics.
-
Cohesion: Cohesion refers to the attraction between molecules of the same substance. In the context of water, it is the mutual attraction among water molecules due to hydrogen bonding. Therefore, Cohesion corresponds to:
- (ii) Mutual attraction among water molecules
-
Adhesion: Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances. In a biological context, it refers to the attraction of water molecules to other polar surfaces. Therefore, Adhesion corresponds to:
- (iv) Attraction towards polar surfaces
-
Surface tension: This is a property of the liquid surface that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules. It is largely due to cohesion among water molecules, leading to stronger attraction within the liquid on its surface compared to gaseous phases. Therefore, Surface tension corresponds to:
- (i) More attraction in the liquid phase
-
Guttation: This is the process of water loss in liquid form, typically observed in small droplets at the tips or edges of leaves in some plants, usually occurring at night. Therefore, Guttation corresponds to:
- (iii) Water loss in liquid phase
Based on the above explanations, the correct matching is: (a) (ii), (b) (iv), (c) (i), (d) (iii), which corresponds to the option:
(ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
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Concepts Used:
Transport of Water and Minerals in Plants
Transportation is the process of movement of water and minerals to all parts of the plant body. Plants have a specialized system that enables them to distribute water and nutrients throughout their body. They use several processes such as translocation, absorption, storage and utilization of water.
Transportation in Plants:
The water and minerals are transported in plants by two types of conducting tissues:
- Xylem: The xylem distributes water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant, from the roots to the leaves.
- Phloem: The phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots.
The three modes of transportation:
- Diffusion: The molecules in this system travel from a high-concentration region to a low-concentration region. This procedure does not necessitate the use of any energy.
- Facilitated diffusion: With the help of a carrier, usually a protein, the mechanism transports molecules from an area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Because this process does not require any energy, it is referred to as a passive process.
- Active Transport: With the help of membrane proteins, this mechanism transports molecules from a lower to a higher concentration region. Because it requires ATP to function, this system is referred to as active transport.