Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Rural Development Programme) & List-II (Year of start)
(A). Indian Village Service & (I). 1921
(B). Firka Development & (II). 1945
(C). Nilokheri Experiment & (III). 1946
(D). Marthandam Project & (IV). 1948
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)

Hint:

To remember:
- Marthandam: Spencer Hatch (1921, earliest project).
- Firka Scheme: Madras Government (1946, pre-independence state effort).
- Nilokheri: S.K. Dey (1948, post-independence rehabilitation).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Before the nationwide launch of the Community Development Programme (CDP) in 1952, several pioneering rural reconstruction projects were implemented by individuals, social reformers, and state governments in India.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us match each historical project with its correct start year:
- (A). Indian Village Service (IVS): Established in 1945 by Arthur T. Mosher of the USA and B.N. Gupta of India in Uttar Pradesh.
The program aimed to assist village people in developing self-reliance and improving their livelihoods, matching (II).
- (B). Firka Development Scheme: Launched by the Madras Government in 1946 in 34 selected Firkas (regional divisions).
It was the first government-sponsored rural development scheme, designed to promote village-level self-reliance and cottage industries based on Gandhian ideals, matching (III).
- (C). Nilokheri Experiment: Started in 1948 by S.K. Dey to rehabilitate displaced persons from Pakistan.
The project, organized around the slogan "Mazdoor Manzil," developed a self-sufficient township focusing on agro-industries and vocational training, matching (IV).
- (D). Marthandam Project: Launched in 1921 by Dr. Spencer Hatch under the patronage of the YMCA in Marthandam, Tamil Nadu.
The project focused on three-sided development (spirit, mind, and body) through self-help and cooperative marketing, matching (I).
This gives the matching: (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct match is Option (B).