Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Name of the crops) & List-II (Phytochemicals present)
(A) Soybean & (I) Trypsin Inhibitor
(B) Brassica & (III) Glucosinolate
(C) Cotton & (IV) Gossypol
(D) Groundnut & (II) Aflatoxin

• (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Hint:

Remember that Gossypol is uniquely associated with Cotton (glands), and Glucosinolates are the organic sulfur compounds responsible for the sharp, pungent taste of mustard (Brassica) oils.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Many agricultural crops contain specific phytochemicals, some of which act as anti-nutritional factors, toxic compounds, or environmental contaminants.
Reducing or eliminating these undesirable compounds is a primary focus of plant breeding and quality improvement programs.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us pair each crop with its associated phytochemical:
- (A) Soybean $\rightarrow$ (I) Trypsin Inhibitor:
Raw soybeans contain Kunitz and Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors, which are proteins that inhibit the digestive enzyme trypsin, reducing protein digestibility in monogastric animals.
These inhibitors are inactivated by heat treatment (cooking) or minimized through breeding.
- (B) Brassica $\rightarrow$ (III) Glucosinolate:
Mustard and rapeseed (*Brassica* species) contain glucosinolates, sulfur-rich secondary metabolites that give a pungent flavor.
High levels of glucosinolates in oil cake are toxic to livestock, prompting the development of low-glucosinolate (Canola-type) varieties.
- (C) Cotton $\rightarrow$ (IV) Gossypol:
Cottonseeds contain gossypol, a toxic polyphenolic pigment compound that serves as a natural defense against pests.
Its presence limits the use of cottonseed meal as a protein source for monogastric animals, leading breeders to develop glandless, gossypol-free cotton.
- (D) Groundnut $\rightarrow$ (II) Aflatoxin:
Groundnuts (*Arachis hypogaea*) are highly susceptible to contamination by aflatoxins.
These are potent carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by the molds *Aspergillus flavus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus* during poor post-harvest storage under humid conditions.
This results in the sequence: (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence is (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).