Question

Match List-I with List-II
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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)

Hint:

Remember:
- Habit is strictly individual (III).
- Folkways are collective customs (I).
- Mores have moral weight (IV).
- Rituals are formalized behavioral actions (II).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question focuses on social institutions, norms, and agencies of social control in sociology, requiring the differentiation of concepts like folkways, mores, habits, and rituals.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each term from List-I and pair it with its standard sociological definition in List-II:
- (A) Folkways:
Folkways are the informal, repetitive, and customary patterns of behavior common to members of a group or society.
They represent the traditional, everyday ways of carrying out activities and dealing with recurrent situations (such as table manners or greeting styles).
Therefore, (A) matches with (I) Customary way of dealing with certain situation.
- (B) Habit:
In psychology and sociology, a habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur unconsciously.
Unlike social norms (which are collective), a habit is an individual, psychological construct developed through personal learning and practice.
Therefore, (B) matches with (III) Individual phenomenon and learnt individually.
- (C) Mores:
Mores (pronounced "mor-ays") are a subset of folkways that are considered vital to the welfare and moral survival of a society.
They carry strong moral and ethical value, dictating what is right and wrong.
Mores represent positive actions that ought to be performed to maintain social order and morality.
Therefore, (C) matches with (IV) Positive actions that ought to be done.
- (D) Rituals:
Rituals are stylized, highly repetitive, and structured sequences of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place.
They function as formalized, collective behavioral habits within religious, cultural, or social systems.
Therefore, (D) matches with (II) Behavioural habits.
This yields the complete matching sequence: (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II).

Step 4: Final Answer:
The matching sequence corresponds to Option (C).