Question

Match List-I with List-II (Extension/Rural Development Programme):

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)

Hint:

Rural programmes: Indian Village (1921), Firka (1945), Nilokheri (1946), Marthandam (1921, possibly 1948 phase). Verify project phases for accurate years.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The rural development programmes are matched with their start years as follows:
- (A) Indian Village Service (I - 1921): Initiated by F.L. Brayne in 1921 in Punjab, this programme focused on improving rural life through community development, sanitation, and agricultural advancements.
- (B) Firka Development (II - 1945): Launched in 1945 in Madras Presidency as part of post-war rural reconstruction, it aimed at holistic village development through cooperative efforts.
- (C) Nilokheri Experiment (III - 1946): Started by S.K. Dey in 1946, this initiative focused on rehabilitating displaced persons through integrated rural development, including agriculture and vocational training.
- (D) Marthandam Project (IV - 1948): Initiated by Dr. Spencer Hatch in 1921 under the YMCA, it promoted self-help and rural upliftment. The 1948 date likely refers to a specific phase or expansion, but historical records typically cite 1921 as the start. Given the provided answer, 1948 is accepted for this context.
Note: The Marthandam Project’s 1948 date is ambiguous, as it began in 1921. The provided answer (1) assumes 1948, possibly for a later phase, but this lacks clear historical support. Option (1) is correct per the given pairing: (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV).

Answer 2

Chronological-tag method:
Tagging each programme with its commonly cited starting period rather than an exact date: the Indian Village Service, initiated by F. L. Brayne, belongs to the 1920s, tagging (A) to the earliest item, (I). The Firka Development scheme, a post-war Madras initiative, belongs to the mid-1940s, tagging (B) to (II). The Nilokheri Experiment for refugee rehabilitation also belongs to the late 1940s but slightly after Firka, tagging (C) to (III), and the Marthandam Project, as accepted in the official key for this question, is tagged to the latest slot, (D) to (IV). This reproduces (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV), option (1).