Match Column - I with Column - II. Column - I Column - II (a) Nitrococcus (i) Denitrification (b) Rhizobium (ii) Conversion of ammonia to nitrite (c) Thiobacillus (iii) Conversion of nitrite to nitrate (d) Nitrobacter (iv) Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
Choose the correct answer from options given below.
| Column - I | Column - II | ||
| (a) | Nitrococcus | (i) | Denitrification |
| (b) | Rhizobium | (ii) | Conversion of ammonia to nitrite |
| (c) | Thiobacillus | (iii) | Conversion of nitrite to nitrate |
| (d) | Nitrobacter | (iv) | Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia |
- (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
- (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The given question requires us to match organisms in Column I with their respective processes or roles in the nitrogen cycle mentioned in Column II. Here is the step-by-step explanation to arrive at the correct solution:
- Nitrococcus: This organism is primarily involved in the conversion of ammonia to nitrite, a crucial step in nitrification. Therefore, Nitrococcus matches with Column II (ii).
- Rhizobium: This is a well-known nitrogen-fixing bacteria that converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, aiding in biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, Rhizobium matches with Column II (iv).
- Thiobacillus: This genus is associated with denitrification, which involves reducing nitrates to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide, thus closing the nitrogen cycle. Thiobacillus matches with Column II (i).
- Nitrobacter: This is another nitrifying bacterium responsible for the conversion of nitrite to nitrate, completing the nitrification process. Therefore, Nitrobacter aligns with Column II (iii).
Based on this explanation, the correct matching is:
| (a) | Nitrococcus | (ii) | Conversion of ammonia to nitrite |
| (b) | Rhizobium | (iv) | Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia |
| (c) | Thiobacillus | (i) | Denitrification |
| (d) | Nitrobacter | (iii) | Conversion of nitrite to nitrate |
Hence, the correct answer is (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii).
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Concepts Used:
Metabolism of Nitrogen
Nitrogen Cycle
The central part of nitrogen metabolism is the Nitrogen Cycle. A nitrogen molecule is made of two nitrogen atoms held together by a solid triple covalent bond (N ≡ N). There are three central pools of nitrogen – atmosphere, soil, and biomass.
Atmospheric Pool
The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) is called nitrogen fixation. Atmospheric nitrogen is rooted in three ways – biological, electrical, and industrial.
Soil Pool
The above processes rooted atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. This nitrogen is then taken up by plants and animals, accordingly.
Biomass Pool
When plants and animals die, the organic nitrogen within them has degraded to ammonia the process is ‘Ammonification‘ and it returns nitrogen back to the soil.