Question:
In which of the following thermodynamic process, the internal energy of system remains constant
In which of the following thermodynamic process, the internal energy of system remains constant
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Look at the prefix: "Iso" means same, "thermal" means temperature. Same temperature = same internal energy for an ideal gas!
Updated On: Jun 3, 2026
- Isobaric
- Isochoric
- Adiabatic
- Isothermal
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Concept
For an ideal gas system, the internal energy ($U$) is purely a function of its absolute temperature ($T$). It is represented as $dU = n C_v dT$.
Step 2: Meaning
Constant internal energy implies that the change in internal energy throughout the process is exactly zero ($dU = 0$). This directly requires the system temperature to remain constant ($dT = 0$).
Step 3: Analysis
Let us look at each process option: (A) Isobaric: Process at constant pressure ($dP=0$), temperature changes. (B) Isochoric: Process at constant volume ($dV=0$), temperature changes. (C) Adiabatic: Process with no heat exchange ($dQ=0$), temperature changes. (D) Isothermal: Process conducted at a constant uniform temperature ($dT=0$). Hence, $dU = 0$.
Step 4: Conclusion
Therefore, during an isothermal process, the total internal energy of an ideal gas system stays constant.
Final Answer: (D)
For an ideal gas system, the internal energy ($U$) is purely a function of its absolute temperature ($T$). It is represented as $dU = n C_v dT$.
Step 2: Meaning
Constant internal energy implies that the change in internal energy throughout the process is exactly zero ($dU = 0$). This directly requires the system temperature to remain constant ($dT = 0$).
Step 3: Analysis
Let us look at each process option: (A) Isobaric: Process at constant pressure ($dP=0$), temperature changes. (B) Isochoric: Process at constant volume ($dV=0$), temperature changes. (C) Adiabatic: Process with no heat exchange ($dQ=0$), temperature changes. (D) Isothermal: Process conducted at a constant uniform temperature ($dT=0$). Hence, $dU = 0$.
Step 4: Conclusion
Therefore, during an isothermal process, the total internal energy of an ideal gas system stays constant.
Final Answer: (D)
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