Question

In the sentences 1 through 4, in which one(s) a) entails b)? Sentences:
1. a) Rama plays a string instrument. b) Rama is a violinist.
2. a) Hutolu sings. b) Hutolu is melodious.
3. a) Fido is a Dalmatian. b) Fido is a dog.
4. a) Students don't study. b) Linguistics students do not study.

• A. 1a entails 1b
• B. 2a entails 2b
• C. 3a entails 3b
• D. 4a entails 4b

Hint:

Entailment = logical guarantee. If the broader claim is true, the narrower claim must also be true.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C, D

 

Step 1: Define entailment.
Entailment means: if statement (a) is true, then statement (b) must also be true.
 

Step 2: Check each pair.
(1) "Rama plays a string instrument" does not necessarily mean "Rama is a violinist." He could play a sitar, guitar, etc. $\Rightarrow$ No entailment.
(2) "Hutolu sings" does not guarantee that he is melodious (he could sing badly). $\Rightarrow$ No entailment.
(3) "Fido is a Dalmatian" necessarily means "Fido is a dog" (Dalmatian is a type of dog). $\Rightarrow$ Entailment holds.
(4) "Students don't study" entails that "Linguistics students (a subset of students) don't study." If the general set doesn't study, the subset also doesn't. $\Rightarrow$ Entailment holds.
\[ \boxed{\text{Correct Answer: (C) and (D)}} \]