Step 1: Understanding the reaction.
This reaction involves oxidation of glucose in the presence of bromine water (Br$_2$ / H$_2$O) followed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate. The first step oxidizes the aldehyde group to a carboxylic acid, and the second step converts the cyclic structure into an open-chain form. The product formed from (D)-Glucose in these conditions is gluconic acid.
Step 2: Analyzing the compounds.
Among the compounds listed, only compound (B) is the one that, under identical conditions, will undergo the same oxidation and conversion process to form gluconic acid. The other structures differ in terms of hydroxyl and aldehyde positions.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (B).