In a random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner:
- Mutations
- Random drift
- Selection
- Migration
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Random genetic drift is the process by which allele frequencies in a population change due to random chance events, such as genetic sampling errors. It can lead to fluctuations in allele frequencies over time, even in the absence of natural selection, mutation, or migration. Random drift tends to be more significant in smaller populations, where chance events can have a larger impact on allele frequencies.
So, the correct option is (B): Random drift
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Concepts Used:
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Hardy Weinberg Law:
In a considerable size, random-mating population, the genotype and allele frequencies remain constant in the absence of any evolutionary influences from one generation to another. Influences include a choice of mate, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, sexual selection, gene flow, genetic hitchhiking, founder effect, meiotic drive, population bottleneck, inbreeding, and assortative mating.
Assumptions for the Hardy Weinberg Principle
Following are a few assumptions for the law:
- Only sexual reproduction can take place.
- The mating process is random.
- The size of the population is indefinitely large.
- Entities are diploid.
- Generations do not overlap.
- Equality of allele frequencies in terms of sexes.
- No gene flow, selection, mutation, migration, or admixture.