- Cladogenesis is the process by which a single species splits into two or more species, resulting in evolutionary branching.
- Anagenesis refers to the gradual evolution of a single species over time.
- Phyletic evolution is similar to anagenesis and involves gradual changes within a species, leading to its transformation into a new species.
- Convergent evolution refers to the process where unrelated species independently evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
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