Air pollution in metropolitan cities primarily arises due to vehicular emissions and industrial activities. To effectively control air pollution, practical measures must focus on reducing the use of fossil fuel-driven vehicles and promoting cleaner and efficient modes of transport.
Combining Metro Rail and CNG Buses offers a practical, sustainable solution for mitigating air pollution in cities.
Other options, although beneficial, either lack the emphasis on cleaner fuel (like Ring Railway) or on reducing individual vehicle use as effectively as Metro and CNG.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Hunting and Food Gathering
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low levels of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.
