Question

Identify the correct definitions for various time-measures (Manas) related to the Sun and Devas:
A. One complete solar year for humans is equal to one 'Deva-day' (day and night).
B. The duration between two consecutive sunrises on Earth is a 'Savana' day.
C. One complete solar year is equal to one 'Pitra-day'.
D. The time taken for the Sun to move between two successive conjunctions is a 'Saura' month.
E. One 'Savana' month consists exactly of 30 lunar days (tithis).

• A. Only A, B, C
• B. Only B, C, D
• C. Only A, D, E
• D. Only A, B, D

Hint:

Remember the 'Day' comparisons: 1 Deva-Day = 1 Human Year. 1 Pitra-Day = 1 Human Month. 1 Savana-Day = 1 Human Day. These are the fundamental conversion factors in Siddhanta.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Indian timekeeping (Mana) uses different observers as reference points. For Devas at the North Pole, for Pitras on the Moon, and for Humans on Earth, a "day" has different durations.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation of Statements:
1. Deva-day (A): As discussed in Question 7, for Devas, the Sun is above the horizon for 6 months and below for 6 months. Thus, one full human year (365 days) constitutes one single day-and-night for the Devas. Statement (A) is TRUE.
2. Savana Day (B): By definition, a Savana day is a terrestrial day measured from one sunrise to the next. Statement (B) is TRUE.
3. Pitra-day (C): One day for the Pitras is equal to one lunar month ($\approx 29.5$ days), not a solar year. Statement (C) is FALSE.
4. Saura Month (D): A solar month is defined as the time the Sun takes to traverse one zodiac sign ($30^\circ$). Statement (D) is effectively TRUE as it relates to the Sun's transit relative to fixed points.
5. Savana Month (E): A Savana month is simply a count of 30 terrestrial days. It is not tied to lunar tithis (which vary in length). Statement (E) is FALSE.

Step 3: Verification with Options:
- The set of true statements is A, B, and D.
- Option (4) presents this combination.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct definitions are A (Deva-day), B (Savana day), and D (Saura month).