Ice at temperature –10°C is converted to steam at 100°C, the curve plotted between temperature (T) and time (t) when it is being heated by constant power source is
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
The heating process involves several stages:
Heating Ice from -10°C to 0°C: The temperature increases until it reaches 0°C.
Melting Ice at 0°C: The temperature remains constant while the ice melts into water, represented as a plateau on the graph.
Heating Water from 0°C to 100°C: The temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C.
Boiling Water at 100°C: The temperature remains constant as the water turns into steam, represented as another plateau on the graph.
Heating Steam from 100°C Onward: The temperature of the steam increases.
The correct graph will show:
- An initial increase in temperature from -10°C to 0°C.
- A plateau at 0°C during the melting phase.
- An increase in temperature from 0°C to 100°C.
- A plateau at 100°C during the boiling phase.
- A continued increase in temperature as steam is heated.
Approach Solution -2
To understand the curve plotted between temperature (T) and time (t) for the process where ice at temperature –10°C is converted to steam at 100°C using a constant power source, we need to consider the phases and latent heats involved in the transformation of ice to steam. The complete process involves several stages:
- Heating ice from -10°C to 0°C: Here, the temperature of the ice rises linearly as it absorbs heat.
- Melting of ice at 0°C: The temperature remains constant at 0°C as the ice absorbs latent heat of fusion to become water. This stage will appear as a horizontal flat segment on the temperature-time graph.
- Heating water from 0°C to 100°C: The temperature of the water increases linearly with time as it absorbs heat.
- Boiling of water at 100°C: The temperature again remains constant at 100°C during this phase as water absorbs latent heat of vaporization to become steam. This also appears as a horizontal flat segment on the graph.
- Heating of steam above 100°C: If this step occurs, steam's temperature would rise linearly as heat is absorbed further. In the context of this question, since the end temperature is stated as 100°C, it is assumed there's no further heating beyond boiling.
The correct graph representation shows these distinct phases: an initial linear increase, a flat segment at 0°C, another linear increase, and another flat segment at 100°C. Thus, the correct answer is the second figure (Fig 2), which demonstrates these characteristics.
This figure accurately represents the described sequence of heating and phase change processes visible on a temperature versus time graph for a substance undergoing heating and phase transformations.
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Concepts Used:
Heat Transfer
What is Heat Transfer?
It is defined as the movement of heat across the border of the system due to a difference in temperature between system and its surroundings.
How is Heat Transferred?
Heat can travel from one place to another in several ways. The different modes of heat transfer include:
- Conduction - Heat flows from things with higher temp to objects with lower temp.
- Convection - Movement of liquid molecules from higher temp regions to lower temp regions.
- Radiation - Radiant heat is present in every other way in our daily lives. Thermal radiations are also known to as radiant heat. Thermal radiation is generated by the emission of electromagnetic waves.
