Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence is not a single, general ability but rather a collection of relatively autonomous modules that can be developed independently.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
The current standard version of Gardner's theory includes eight distinct types of intelligence.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Originally, Gardner proposed seven intelligences in 1983, but later added an eighth (Naturalistic). The current recognized list includes:
1. Linguistic, 2. Logical-Mathematical, 3. Musical, 4. Bodily-Kinesthetic, 5. Spatial, 6. Interpersonal, 7. Intrapersonal, and 8. Naturalistic. While a 9th (Existential) has been discussed, it is not yet universally included as a primary intelligence in most textbook versions of the theory.
Step 4: Final Answer:
Gardner’s theory identifies 8 types of intelligences.