Concept:
Proteins are polymers formed by the combination of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. In living organisms, there are \(20\) standard amino acids that participate in protein synthesis. These amino acids are known as the building blocks of proteins.
Step 1: Recall the number of standard amino acids.
The number of standard amino acids involved in the formation of proteins is:
\[
20
\]
Step 2: Choose the correct option.
Among the given options:
\[
20
\]
is the correct answer.
Hence, the correct option is:
\[
\boxed{(C)\ 20}
\]