Question:
How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
Updated On: Jan 19, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell
| Prokaryotic cell | Eukaryotic cell |
|---|---|
| Cell size is generally small (1 - 10 \(\mu\)m). | Cell is generally large (5 - 100 \(\mu\)m). |
| Nuclear region is called nucleoid and is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. | Nuclear material is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. |
| Only a single chromosome is present. | More than one chromosome is present. |
| Nucleolus is absent. | Nucleolus is present. |
| Membrane bound cell organelles are absent. | Membrane bound cell organelles. |
| Cell division by fission or budding (no mitosis). | Cell division mitotic or meiotic. |
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Concepts Used:
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms known to be the earliest on earth. Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea. The photosynthetic prokaryotes include cyanobacteria that perform photosynthesis.
A prokaryotic cell contains a single membrane and therefore, all the reactions occur within the cytoplasm. They can be free-living or parasites.
Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cell:
Prokaryotic cells have different characteristic features such as:
- Lack of a nuclear membrane.
- Absence of Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, chloroplast, and lysosomes.
- Presence of genetic material on a single chromosome.
- Lack of histone proteins in the constituents of eukaryotic chromosomes.
- The cell wall is made up of carbohydrates and amino acids.
- The plasma membrane acts as the mitochondrial membrane carrying respiratory enzymes.