Question

Given below are two statements :
Statement (I) : Too many species used in freshwater aquaculture in India, which is not a good sign.
Statement (II) : Diversification of species is necessary in the Indian freshwater aquaculture.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

• A. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
• B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
• C. Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
• D. Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.

Hint:

Remember that Indian freshwater aquaculture has a high concentration of carp species (mainly Rohu, Catla, Mrigal). To grow the sector safely, diversification into other species groups is highly recommended.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Freshwater aquaculture in India is highly productive but has historically depended on a very narrow species base.
Sustainable development of aquaculture requires analyzing the species composition and adopting diversification strategies to improve resilience and market reach.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze both statements:
- Statement (I) asserts that too many species are used in freshwater aquaculture in India. This is incorrect.
In reality, Indian freshwater aquaculture is heavily dominated by only a few species, primarily the three Indian Major Carps (Catla, Rohu, and Mrigal), along with exotic carps (Silver carp, Grass carp, and Common carp).
These carp species contribute to more than 85% of total aquaculture production.
This narrow species choice limits market expansion, makes the system vulnerable to outbreaks of diseases, and does not fully utilize all aquatic ecological niches.
- Statement (II) asserts that diversification of species is necessary in Indian freshwater aquaculture. This is correct.
Introducing high-value non-carp species such as catfishes (Pangasius, Magur), murrels, air-breathing fishes, and minor carps into aquaculture systems is essential.
Species diversification helps optimize the utilization of varied water bodies, mitigates market risks, improves economic returns, and satisfies diverse consumer preferences.
Therefore, Statement (I) is incorrect and Statement (II) is correct.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Statement (I) is incorrect, but Statement (II) is correct, matching Option (C).