Given below are the statements about the pollination behavior of crop plants. Find out the cluster of the most appropriate statements
(A) Dicliny and dichogamy favors self-pollination
(B) Maize crop is protandry in nature
(C) Protandry and protogyny favors cross-pollination
(D) Pearl millet is protogyny in nature
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(A) Dicliny and dichogamy favors self-pollination
(B) Maize crop is protandry in nature
(C) Protandry and protogyny favors cross-pollination
(D) Pearl millet is protogyny in nature
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Show Hint
- Dichogamy (Protandry and Protogyny) and Dicliny (unisexuality) always promote cross-pollination (which makes statement A false).
- Maize $\rightarrow$ Protandry (tassel first).
- Pearl millet $\rightarrow$ Protogyny (stigma first).
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (A), (B) and (D) only.
- (A), (C) and (D) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Crop plants have evolved distinct floral mechanisms that either promote self-pollination (autogamy) or force cross-pollination (allogamy).
These evolutionary adaptations include unisexual flowers (dicliny) and differences in the maturation timing of male and female reproductive organs (dichogamy).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each statement individually:
- (A) Dicliny and dichogamy favors self-pollination: This is incorrect.
Dicliny (unisexual flowers) and dichogamy (different maturation times of anthers and stigma) are classic mechanisms evolved specifically to prevent self-pollination and favor cross-pollination.
- (B) Maize crop is protandry in nature: This is correct.
In maize (*Zea mays*), the male inflorescence (tassel) matures and sheds its pollen approximately 2–3 days before the female silks emerge and become receptive, which is a classic example of protandry.
- (C) Protandry and protogyny favors cross-pollination: This is correct.
Because the male and female organs of a single flower or plant mature at different times (dichogamy), self-fertilization is physically prevented, forcing the receptive female organs to be cross-pollinated by pollen from different plants.
- (D) Pearl millet is protogyny in nature: This is correct.
In pearl millet (*Pennisetum glaucum*), the female styles emerge and become receptive several days before the male anthers shed pollen, representing a classic case of protogyny.
Therefore, statements (B), (C), and (D) are correct, which corresponds to Option (D).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The cluster of the most appropriate statements is (B), (C) and (D) only.
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