In Unani medicine, the Faaeli Sabab (active cause) of kidney stones is excessive heat or Hararat, which concentrates the humors and leads to stone formation.
The Maddi Sabab (material cause) is thick, sticky humor known as GhaleeZ Lasidar Ratubat, which provides the base for stone development.
Renal stones can also be formed due to Qarha (ulcer) in the urinary tract, which acts as a nidus for deposition.
However, the causes of stone formation in the kidney and bladder are not always the same, as different factors may contribute to each.
Hence, statements A, B, and C are correct, but D is not.
Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, and C only.