Question

Eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth, is reflected in the following theory of punishment

• A. Reformatory
• B. Deterrence
• C. Expiatory
• D. Rehabilitative

Hint:

Remember the five main theories of punishment: 1. Retributive: Punishment is deserved (backward-looking). 2. Deterrent: To prevent future crime (forward-looking). 3. Preventive: To incapacitate the offender. 4. Reformative/Rehabilitative: To reform the offender. 5. Expiatory: To atone for the crime.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept:
Different theories of punishment explain the purpose of imposing punishment on an offender. The phrase "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" is based on the principle that the offender should suffer a punishment proportionate to the harm caused. This idea is known as the Expiatory (Retributive) theory of punishment. 

Step 1: Understand the phrase. The phrase "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" means that the punishment should be equivalent to the offence committed. It emphasizes repayment or retribution for the wrong done by the offender. 

Step 2: Evaluate the options.

• (A) Reformatory ✖️ Incorrect. This theory aims to reform and improve the offender so that they become a responsible member of society.
• (B) Deterrence ✖️ Incorrect. This theory seeks to discourage the offender and others from committing similar crimes by creating fear of punishment.
• (C) Expiatory ✔️ Correct. This theory is based on the principle of retribution, where the offender receives punishment proportionate to the offence committed, reflected in the phrase "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth."
• (D) Rehabilitative ✖️ Incorrect. This theory focuses on rehabilitating the offender through education, counselling, and vocational training rather than inflicting proportional punishment.

Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{(C) Expiatory}} \]