Question

Describe the industrial method of preparation of Ammonia giving flow diagram and chemical equation and write chemical equation of the reaction of Ammonia with (i) Copper ion, and (ii) Silver ion.

Hint:

In complex formation reactions, ammonia acts as a Lewis base by donating a lone pair of electrons to the metal ion.

Answer 1

Step 1: Industrial preparation of Ammonia.
Ammonia is prepared industrially by the
Haber process. It involves direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases under specific conditions. Step 2: Flow diagram of Haber process.
\[ N_2 (g) + 3H_2 (g) \;\xrightleftharpoons[\text{450-500°C}]{\text{Fe catalyst, 200 atm}}\; 2NH_3 (g) + \Delta H \]
Flow Diagram: \[ \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2 \;\longrightarrow\; \text{Compression (200 atm)} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{Fe Catalyst Chamber (450-500°C)} \;\longrightarrow\; NH_3 \text{ formed and condensed.} \] Step 3: Reaction of Ammonia with Copper ion (\(Cu^{2+}\)).
Ammonia reacts with copper(II) ions to form a deep blue complex: \[ Cu^{2+} + 4NH_3 \;\longrightarrow\; [Cu(NH_3)_4]^{2+} \] Step 4: Reaction of Ammonia with Silver ion (\(Ag^+\)).
Ammonia reacts with silver ions to form a soluble complex: \[ Ag^+ + 2NH_3 \;\longrightarrow\; [Ag(NH_3)_2]^+ \] Conclusion:
Ammonia is prepared industrially by the Haber process under high temperature, pressure, and Fe catalyst. It also forms characteristic coordination complexes with \(Cu^{2+}\) (deep blue) and \(Ag^+\) (diammine silver complex).