Question

Constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group is termed as

• A. Epizootic
• B. Enzootic
• C. Panzootic
• D. Zoonotic

Hint:

Translate human epidemiology terms to veterinary terms:
Endemic $\rightarrow$ Enzootic.
Epidemic $\rightarrow$ Epizootic.
Pandemic $\rightarrow$ Panzootic.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Veterinary epidemiology (epizootiology) utilizes specific terms to describe the frequency, distribution, and persistence of diseases within animal populations.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us define the veterinary epidemiological terms:
1. Epizootic: The animal equivalent of an epidemic. It refers to a sudden, rapid outbreak of an infectious disease that affects a large number of animals within a population in a short period (e.g., a sudden outbreak of White Spot Disease in shrimp ponds).
2. Panzootic: The animal equivalent of a pandemic. It refers to an epizootic disease outbreak that spreads across extremely large geographical regions, such as continents or worldwide.
3. Zoonotic: Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and humans (e.g., Vibrio infections).
4. Enzootic: The animal equivalent of endemic. It refers to the constant, regular presence or habitual prevalence of a disease or an infectious agent within a specific geographic area or animal population group (e.g., a low-level bacterial pathogen constantly present in a wild river fish population).
Therefore, the constant presence of a disease is termed enzootic.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or population is termed Enzootic.