Question

Choose the correct statements about the principles of ecology. \[ \begin{aligned} A.&\ \text{Ecosystem is a fundamental unit of ecological study.} B.&\ \text{Physical and biological processes do not follow the principles of uniformitarianism.} C.&\ \text{All living organisms and physical environment are mutually reactive.} D.&\ \text{Ecosystem functions through the input of energy, mainly solar.} \end{aligned} \] Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, C and D only
• B. A, B and C only
• C. B, C and D only
• D. A, B and D only

Hint:

Fundamental principles of ecology: \[ \boxed{ \begin{aligned} \text{Basic Unit} &\rightarrow \text{Ecosystem}, \text{Energy Source} &\rightarrow \text{Sun}, \text{Interaction} &\rightarrow \text{Biotic + Abiotic Components}. \end{aligned} } \] Mnemonic: “Ecosystem = Sun + Life + Environment.”

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: An ecosystem is the basic structural and functional unit of ecology. Organisms continuously interact with their physical environment, and ecosystem functioning depends primarily on solar energy. The principle of uniformitarianism applies to physical and biological processes; therefore Statement B is incorrect.

Step 1: Evaluate each statement. \[ \begin{aligned} A.&\ \text{True. Ecosystem is the fundamental unit of ecological study.} B.&\ \text{False. Physical and biological processes follow the principle of uniformitarianism.} C.&\ \text{True. Biotic and abiotic components continuously interact.} D.&\ \text{True. Solar energy is the primary source of energy in ecosystems.} \end{aligned} \]

Step 2: Identify the correct combination. \[ \boxed{ A,\ C,\ \text{and}\ D } \] Hence, \[ \boxed{\text{(A)}} \]