Question

By the Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 the following word has been inserted under Art. 19(1) (c)

• A. Democratic Societies
• B. Registered Societies
• C. Cooperative societies
• D. Cooperative managements

Hint:

Link the \textbf{97th Amendment} directly with \textbf{Co-operative Societies}. This single amendment impacted Fundamental Rights (Art. 19(1)(c)), Directive Principles (Art. 43B), and added a whole new part to the Constitution (Part IX-B), all focused on cooperatives.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks about a specific change made to Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011. Article 19(1)(c) guarantees to all citizens the fundamental right to form associations or unions. The amendment expanded the scope of this right.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Before the amendment, Article 19(1)(c) read: "All citizens shall have the right to form associations or unions." The Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 made significant changes to promote cooperative societies. It did three main things: \begin{enumerate} \item It amended Article 19(1)(c) to include the words "or co-operative societies". The article now reads: "to form associations or unions or co-operative societies". This elevated the right to form cooperative societies to a fundamental right. \item It inserted a new Directive Principle of State Policy, Article 43B, on the "Promotion of co-operative societies." \item It added a new Part IX-B to the Constitution, titled "The Co-operative Societies." \end{enumerate} Therefore, the words inserted in Article 19(1)(c) were "co-operative societies".
Step 3: Final Answer:
The word inserted under Art. 19(1)(c) was Cooperative societies.