Question

Break down of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm in an ecosystem is referred to as \(\underline{\hspace{2cm}}\).

• A. leaching
• B. catabolism
• C. fragmentation
• D. humification

Hint:

Remember that decomposition is both a physical and chemical process. Fragmentation is the physical part (breaking into fragments), while catabolism is the chemical part (enzymatic breakdown).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the specific term for the physical breakdown of dead organic matter (detritus) by detritivores like earthworms. This is a key step in the process of decomposition.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The process of decomposition involves several steps:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Fragmentation: This is the first step where detritivores (like earthworms, termites) break down detritus into smaller particles. This action increases the surface area for microbial action.} \\ \bullet & \text{Leaching: Water-soluble inorganic nutrients seep down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.} \\ \bullet & \text{Catabolism: This is the enzymatic process where bacteria and fungi degrade the simplified detritus into simpler inorganic substances.} \\ \bullet & \text{Humification: This step leads to the formation of a dark-colored, amorphous substance called humus, which is highly resistant to microbial action and decomposes at an extremely slow rate.} \\ \end{array}\]

Step 4: Final Answer:
The physical breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworms is called fragmentation.