Question:
Arrange the following designs with respect to hypothesis test/cause-effect relationship (least to highest):
(A) Experimental designs
(B) Exploratory qualitative designs
(C) Longitudinal designs
(D) Cross-sectional quantitative designs
Arrange the following designs with respect to hypothesis test/cause-effect relationship (least to highest):
(A) Experimental designs
(B) Exploratory qualitative designs
(C) Longitudinal designs
(D) Cross-sectional quantitative designs
(A) Experimental designs
(B) Exploratory qualitative designs
(C) Longitudinal designs
(D) Cross-sectional quantitative designs
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Experimental designs are best for establishing cause-effect relationships due to controlled conditions, while exploratory qualitative designs are more suited for generating hypotheses.
Updated On: Jan 17, 2026
- (A), (B), (C), (D)
- (B), (D), (C), (A)
- (B), (C), (D), (A)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The hierarchy of research designs with respect to hypothesis testing and cause-effect relationships starts with the least structured and progresses to the most rigorous:
- Exploratory qualitative designs (B): Least structured, used to explore phenomena without a strong focus on hypothesis testing.
- Cross-sectional quantitative designs (D): Provide a snapshot of data at a single point in time, often used for correlations.
- Longitudinal designs (C): Track changes over time, helping to establish temporal sequences.
- Experimental designs (A): Most structured and effective for testing hypotheses and establishing cause-effect relationships.
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