Question

Arrange the following biological processes into correct sequence
A. Transcription
B. Replication
C. Translation
D. Gene expression
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B, C, D
• B. A, C, B, D
• C. B, A, C, D
• D. D, B, C, A

Hint:

Central Dogma pathway: $\text{Replication (B)} \rightarrow \text{Transcription (A)} \rightarrow \text{Translation (C)} \rightarrow \text{Gene expression (D)}$.
Replication preserves genetic data, while Transcription and Translation execute Gene Expression.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept:
The Central Dogma of molecular genetics, proposed by Francis Crick, illustrates the directional framework governing the flow of genetic information inside a biological system.
Genetic instructions encoded in DNA are duplicated for transmission and subsequently decoded into functional macromolecules.
The overall execution of cellular traits requires a coordinated, stepwise biological sequence from DNA replication down to the final manifestation of gene function.

Step 1: DNA Replication (B):
Before a cell can divide or express its genetic potential across cellular generations, it must duplicate its original double-stranded DNA molecule.
This autocatalytic process is known as DNA replication and stands at the very origin of molecular processes.

Step 2: Transcription (A):
Once DNA is present, the specific genetic information in a gene is transcribed into a single-stranded messenger RNA ($\text{mRNA}$) molecule by RNA polymerase.
This heterocatalytic step converts the genetic code into a transportable mobile transcript.

Step 3: Translation (C):
The synthesized $\text{mRNA}$ transcript is transported to the ribosomes, where transfer RNA ($\text{tRNA}$) molecules read codons to synthesize a specific polypeptide chain (protein).
This conversion of nucleotide language into an amino acid sequence is termed translation.

Step 4: Gene Expression (D):
The synthesized polypeptide folds into a functional protein, which performs structural, enzymatic, or regulatory functions in the cell, leading to the observable phenotype.
This entire culminating biological process represents successful gene expression.

Step 5: Final Answer:
Hence, the correct sequential order of these biological processes is B $\rightarrow$ A $\rightarrow$ C $\rightarrow$ D, which corresponds to option (C).