Question

Arrange the following astronomical texts in chronological order based on their period of composition:
A. Brahmasphutasiddhanta
B. Trishatika
C. Panchasiddhantika
D. Aryabhatiya
E. Khandakhadyaka

• A. A, C, B, D, E
• B. E, D, B, C, A
• C. D, C, A, E, B
• D. B, C, A, D, E

Hint:

Aryabhata starts the 'Scientific Era' (5th Century). Brahmagupta follows in the 7th Century. Remembering authors helps sequence the books.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The history of Indian astronomy is marked by several landmark texts. Knowing their approximate dates of composition is essential for understanding the evolution of mathematical methods.

Step 2: Chronological Data:
1. Aryabhatiya (D): Composed by Aryabhata I in 499 CE. This is the earliest text in this list.
2. Panchasiddhantika (C): Compiled by Varahamihira around 505 CE. It summarizes five older Siddhantas.
3. Brahmasphutasiddhanta (A): Written by Brahmagupta in 628 CE. It corrected and expanded upon the older systems.
4. Khandakhadyaka (E): Also written by Brahmagupta, around 665 CE. It is a 'Karana' text based on Aryabhata's school.
5. Trishatika (B): Written by Sridharacharya, usually dated between the 8th and 9th centuries CE (approx. 750–850 CE).

Step 3: Final Sequence:
D (Aryabhatiya) $\rightarrow$ C (Panchasiddhantika) $\rightarrow$ A (Brahmasphutasiddhanta) $\rightarrow$ E (Khandakhadyaka) $\rightarrow$ B (Trishatika).

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct chronological order is D, C, A, E, B.