We need to arrange the literary ages from earliest to latest.
The Age of Chaucer belongs to the medieval period of English literature.
The Jacobean Age comes later and is associated with the reign of James I:
\[
1603-1625.
\]
The Romantic Period comes after the Neoclassical period and is generally placed around:
\[
1798-1837.
\]
The Victorian Age begins after the Romantic period and is associated with Queen Victoria's reign:
\[
1837-1901.
\]
Therefore, the correct chronological order is:
\[
\text{Age of Chaucer} \rightarrow \text{Jacobean Age} \rightarrow \text{Romantic Period} \rightarrow \text{Victorian Age}.
\]
So the correct sequence is:
\[
C,\ B,\ A,\ D.
\]