Question

Answer the following questions in detail (any two):
(1) Explain the characteristics of the Islamic Architecture with examples.
(2) Write about the history of Akashvani.
(3) Explain the difference between indoor and outdoor games.
(4) What measures have to be taken for the conservation of historical sites?

Hint:

Did you know? The \textbf{Gol Gumbaz} in Karnataka has a "Whispering Gallery" where a sound is echoed several times due to its unique Islamic architectural design!

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
These questions cover diverse topics from the history of architecture and mass media to the classification of sports and heritage management.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
(1) Characteristics of Islamic Architecture:
Islamic architecture in India (Indo-Islamic style) merged Persian and Indian elements. Key features include:

• Domes and Arches: Large central domes and pointed arches are hallmark features.
• Minarets: Tall towers (like in the Taj Mahal) used for the call to prayer or as decorative pillars.
• Calligraphy and Geometry: Instead of human figures, walls are decorated with Quranic verses and complex geometric patterns.
• Examples: The Qutub Minar (Delhi), Taj Mahal (Agra), and Gol Gumbaz (Vijayapura).

(2) History of Akashvani (All India Radio):

• Origins: Radio began in India with private radio clubs in Mumbai and Kolkata in 1923.
• Government Control: The British government took over in 1927, forming the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS).
• Name Change: In 1936, it was renamed All India Radio (AIR).
• Akashvani: After independence, based on a suggestion by the poet Pandit Narendra Sharma, it was renamed Akashvani in 1956.
• Vividh Bharati: In 1957, the 'Vividh Bharati' service was started for entertainment and music.

(3) Difference between Indoor and Outdoor Games:

• Indoor Games: These are played in a closed environment or a limited space. They generally require more mental strategy than physical exertion. Examples: Chess, Carrom, Ludo, and Table Tennis.
• Outdoor Games: These require large open spaces or grounds. They often involve high physical activity and team coordination. Examples: Cricket, Football, Kabaddi, and Athletics.

(4) Measures for Conservation of Historical Sites:

• Legal Protection: Strict laws must be enforced to prevent vandalism, graffiti, and theft of artifacts.
• Scientific Restoration: Only qualified experts should handle repairs using materials and methods that do not alter the original structure.
• Regulated Zones: Restricting construction or industrial activity within a certain radius of the site to prevent damage from vibrations or pollution.
• Public Awareness: Educating citizens and tourists about the cultural value of the site through signboards and heritage walks.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Islamic architecture is known for its domes and minarets; Akashvani evolved from private clubs to a national broadcaster; games are split between indoor and outdoor based on space; and conservation requires a mix of legal, scientific, and social efforts.