Question

Aniline can be separated from a mixture of chloroform - aniline by a technique X and from aniline - water mixture by technique Y. X and Y respectively are

• A. Distillation, Distillation
• B. Steam distillation, Steam distillation
• C. Steam distillation, Distillation
• D. Distillation, Steam distillation

Hint:

Steam distillation is the standard textbook method for purification of Aniline.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Separation X (Chloroform - Aniline):

• Boiling point of Chloroform ($CHCl_3$) $\approx 334 K (61^\circ C)$.
• Boiling point of Aniline ($C_6H_5NH_2$) $\approx 457 K (184^\circ C)$.
• Since there is a large difference in boiling points, Simple Distillation is the appropriate method.

Step 2: Separation Y (Aniline - Water):

• Aniline is immiscible with water but volatile in steam.
• To purify liquids which are steam volatile and immiscible with water, Steam Distillation is used. This allows aniline to distill at a temperature lower than its boiling point, preventing decomposition and effectively separating it from non-volatile impurities or the aqueous phase.

Step 3: Conclusion:
X = Distillation, Y = Steam Distillation.