Question:
An endoscope is employed by a physician to view the internal parts of a body organ. It is based on the principle of
An endoscope is employed by a physician to view the internal parts of a body organ. It is based on the principle of
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Total Internal Reflection (TIR) is the principle behind several important technologies, including optical fibers (used in endoscopy and telecommunications), sparkling diamonds, and reflecting prisms used in binoculars and periscopes.
Updated On: Jul 1, 2026
- Refraction
- Reflection
- Dispersion
- Total internal reflection
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the underlying physics principle of an endoscope.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
This is a knowledge-based question about the application of optical phenomena. An endoscope uses optical fibers to transmit images from inside the body to an external viewer. We need to identify the principle that allows light to be guided along a curved fiber.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
An endoscope consists of a bundle of flexible optical fibers. These fibers are designed to guide light over long distances, even along curved paths. The principle that makes this possible is
Total Internal Reflection (TIR).
An optical fiber consists of a core material with a high refractive index (\(n_1\)) surrounded by a cladding material with a slightly lower refractive index (\(n_2\)). Light is introduced into one end of the fiber. As the light travels down the fiber, it strikes the core-cladding boundary at an angle of incidence that is greater than the critical angle.
When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the light does not refract out of the core into the cladding. Instead, it is completely reflected back into the core. This process repeats itself along the length of the fiber, trapping the light and guiding it to the other end with very minimal loss of intensity. This allows a clear image of the internal organs to be transmitted to the physician's eyepiece or a camera.
- Refraction (A) is the bending of light, but it's TIR (a specific case of refraction and reflection) that is the key.
- Reflection (B) is too general.
- Dispersion (C) is the splitting of light into colors, which is not the primary principle here.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The endoscope is based on the principle of total internal reflection.
The question asks for the underlying physics principle of an endoscope.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
This is a knowledge-based question about the application of optical phenomena. An endoscope uses optical fibers to transmit images from inside the body to an external viewer. We need to identify the principle that allows light to be guided along a curved fiber.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
An endoscope consists of a bundle of flexible optical fibers. These fibers are designed to guide light over long distances, even along curved paths. The principle that makes this possible is
Total Internal Reflection (TIR).
An optical fiber consists of a core material with a high refractive index (\(n_1\)) surrounded by a cladding material with a slightly lower refractive index (\(n_2\)). Light is introduced into one end of the fiber. As the light travels down the fiber, it strikes the core-cladding boundary at an angle of incidence that is greater than the critical angle.
When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the light does not refract out of the core into the cladding. Instead, it is completely reflected back into the core. This process repeats itself along the length of the fiber, trapping the light and guiding it to the other end with very minimal loss of intensity. This allows a clear image of the internal organs to be transmitted to the physician's eyepiece or a camera.
- Refraction (A) is the bending of light, but it's TIR (a specific case of refraction and reflection) that is the key.
- Reflection (B) is too general.
- Dispersion (C) is the splitting of light into colors, which is not the primary principle here.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The endoscope is based on the principle of total internal reflection.
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