Concept:
Amnesty International is a global non-governmental organisation founded in London in 1961 by lawyer Peter Benenson. It works to protect people wherever justice, freedom, truth and dignity are denied.
Explanation:
The organisation campaigns against torture, unfair trials, the death penalty and other violations of civil liberties, and it lobbies governments to release prisoners of conscience. It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for this work. Option A, protection of cruelty to animals, describes bodies like PETA or the SPCA, not Amnesty International. Option C, protection of historic monuments, is the domain of bodies such as UNESCO's World Heritage programme or national archaeology departments. Option D, environment protection, is handled by organisations like Greenpeace or UNEP. None of these match Amnesty International's actual mandate.
Final Answer:
Amnesty International is associated with the protection of human rights, option B.