Question

According to the tradition of Jyōtiṣa Śāstra, which are the three 'Skandhas' (primary branches/pillars) of this science?
A. Praśna Skandha
B. Gaṇita Skandha
C. Hōrā Skandha
D. Śakuna Skandha
E. Saṃhitā Skandha

• A. Only B, C, E
• B. Only D, B, A
• C. Only C, D, B
• D. Only A, B, C

Hint:

Remember the acronym "H-S-G": Hora, Samhita, Ganita. These are the three legs of the Jyotish stool. If one is missing, the science is incomplete.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Jyōtiṣa is often called 'Triskandha' (the three-pillared science). This traditional classification covers every aspect of the study of time and its effects on the world. These three branches are the foundation of all Vedic astronomical and astrological studies.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The three 'Skandhas' are defined as:

1. Siddhānta or Gaṇita Skandha (B): This deals with mathematical astronomy. It includes calculations of planetary positions, eclipses, time units (from a fraction of a second to trillions of years), and spherical geometry. Without this branch, the other two cannot exist.
2. Hōrā Skandha (C): This is also called 'Jātaka'. It deals with individual horoscopy and predictive astrology based on the time of birth. It covers the interpretation of houses, planets, and periods (Dashas) in a person's life.
3. Saṃhitā Skandha (E): This deals with collective or Mundane Astrology. It includes the study of natural phenomena like rains, earthquakes, and the fate of nations, as well as Vāstu, Śakuna (omens), and Muhūrta (auspicious timing).

Evaluating other options:
- Praśna (A) and Śakuna (D): These are sub-branches or specialized fields that traditionally fall under the vast umbrella of the Saṃhitā or Hōrā Skandhas, but they are not listed as one of the primary three pillars.

The 'Triskandha' concept highlights that Jyōtiṣa is a complete system that combines observation (Math), individual psychology (Hora), and environmental patterns (Samhita). A master of this science was traditionally expected to be proficient in all three pillars.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The three Skandhas are Gaṇita, Hōrā, and Saṃhitā (B, C, E).