Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Sociology and anthropology make a fundamental distinction between the family a person is born into and the family they form as an adult.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Family of orientation: This is the family into which an individual is born and grows up. It is where one receives primary socialization and gets their "orientation" in life, including their initial status and cultural norms.
- Family of procreation: This is the family an individual forms by marrying and having children. It is the family established for the purpose of "procreating" (having offspring).
- Polygynous and Polyandrous families refer to types of marital structure (one man with multiple wives, and one woman with multiple husbands, respectively), not the distinction between one's birth family and adult family.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The family in which one is born is known as the family of orientation.