The question describes inductive reasoning, which involves:
1. Starting with specific observations or premises
2. Developing general conclusions or theories based on these specifics
3. Example: Observing several white swans and concluding "All swans are white"
Deductive reasoning (option 1) works in the opposite direction - from general premises to specific conclusions. The other options are not valid types of reasoning in this context.
Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Inductive reasoning.