Question

A legal principle that prevents the same case or issue from being re-litigated between the same parties once a final judgment has been reached is called:

• A. Estoppel
• B. Res judicata
• C. Precedent
• D. Preemptory Plea

Hint:

Remember: Res judicata = case closed forever; Estoppel = prevents contradictory claims.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Definition of Res judicata
Res judicata means "a matter judged." It is a legal doctrine preventing parties from re-litigating the same claim or issue once it has been finally decided by a competent court.
Step 2: Purpose
It ensures finality in legal proceedings, avoids multiple lawsuits over the same matter, and conserves judicial resources.
Step 3: Explanation of other options
- Estoppel prevents a party from contradicting something previously established.
- Precedent refers to earlier court decisions used as guidance.
- Preemptory plea is a plea used to avoid trial without discussing merits.
Thus, Res judicata is the correct answer.