List of top Paediatrics Questions

Which of the following is NOT a part of the classical triad of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
A 6-month-old presents with developmental delay, coarse facies, protruding tongue, and umbilical hernia. What is the first investigation?
A 1-week-old septic neonate develops hematuria, thrombocytopenia, and a palpable flank mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 2-year-old with bowed legs did not improve after vitamin D supplementation. Investigations reveal: phosphate low, calcium normal, ALP elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 12-year-old boy presents with recurrent epistaxis and prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction. Which subtype of vWD is most severe?
A 2-year-old presents with fever, lethargy, and petechial rash on trunk and extremities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 10-year-old with chronic liver disease has INR = 2 but is alert and has no encephalopathy. How should the liver status be classified?
A 6-week-old infant with history of neonatal jaundice presents with parental concern of poor response to sound. Initial OAE screening at birth was normal. What is the next best investigation?
A 10-year-old boy presents with severe abdominal pain radiating to the back, vomiting, and elevated transaminases. Which investigation will be most specific in confirming acute pancreatitis?
An 8-year-old child presents with gradual loss of vision, especially at night. Fundoscopy shows bone-spicule pigmentation, narrowed retinal vessels, and optic pallor. What is the likely diagnosis?
A 2-year-old child presents with watery diarrhea that subsides with fasting. Which of the following is most likely the cause?
A 7-year-old child presents with jaundice, altered sensorium, and hepatomegaly. Which investigation is essential to confirm acute liver failure?
Which of the following is used as a specific treatment in certain cases of drug-induced liver failure?
A 10-year-old boy presents with dysphagia and food impaction. Endoscopy shows esophageal rings and furrows, and biopsy reveals $>$15 eosinophils per HPF. He was started on PPI for 8 weeks with no improvement. What is the next step?
A 2-week-old neonate undergoes an ECG during evaluation for a murmur. ECG shows a heart rate of 150 bpm, right axis deviation, tall R wave in V1, and inverted T wave in V6. Which of the following best explains these findings?
Portal hypertension in children is defined as when the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) exceeds:
A 5-year-old child presents with failure to thrive, recurrent flank pain, and gross hematuria. Ultrasound shows nephrocalcinosis. Urine microscopy shows the following. Serum creatinine is elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A child with a history of delayed cry at birth presents with spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs, but can use his hands to feed himself. What is the most likely site of lesion?
Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)?
What is the most common site of metastasis in a child with neuroblastoma?
On day 20 post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), a child develops jaundice, breathlessness, and difficulty walking. What is the most likely diagnosis?
An infant presents with recurrent hypoglycemia, micropenis, and prolonged neonatal jaundice. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which of the following is considered a surrogate marker of vasopressin (ADH) in clinical practice?
At which glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is dialysis typically indicated?
A full-term newborn, delivered via elective C-section, develops tachypnea within 2 hours of birth. There is no significant retraction or grunting. Oxygen support is started. After 24 hours, the infant is well, off oxygen, and feeding normally. Which chest X-ray finding is most likely in this condition?