In the theory of orthogonal machining, assuming that the shear plane will take up an angle that minimizes energy, the shear angle can be shown to be
\[ \phi = C - \frac{\beta}{2} + \frac{\alpha}{2} \]
where \( \phi \) is the shear angle, \( \alpha \) the rake angle, and \( \beta \) the friction angle.
Which ONE or MORE among the following is/are TRUE?