List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII- 2025

The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) of coordination compounds is based on the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges) on the degeneracy of d-orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion. The splitting of the d-orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong and weak crystal fields. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the d-orbital splitting is smaller as compared to the octahedral entity.
On the basis of CFT, explain why [Ti(H$_2$O)$_6$]Cl$_3$ complex is coloured? What happens on heating the complex [Ti(H$_2$O)$_6$]Cl$_3$? Give reason.

Atomic spectral emission lines of hydrogen atom are incident on a zinc surface. The lines which can emit photoelectrons from the surface are members of:

In a single slit diffraction experiment, the aperture of the slit is 3 mm and the separation between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m. A monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm is normally incident on the slit. Calculate the distance of (I) first order minimum, and (II) second order maximum, from the centre of the screen.

Name the electromagnetic radiations and write their frequency range:
(a) Used to take the photograph of the bones
(b) Produced by hot bodies
(c) Used in television communication systems

A voltmeter of resistance 1000 $ \Omega $ can measure up to 25 V. How will you convert it so that it can read up to 250 V?

A proton and an $ \alpha $-particle enter with the same velocity $ \vec{v} $ in a uniform magnetic field $ \vec{B} $ such that $ \vec{v} \perp \vec{B} $. The ratio of the radii of their paths is:

A resistor of 400 $ \Omega $, an inductor of $ \frac{5}{\pi} $ H, and a capacitor of $ \frac{50}{\pi} $ µF are joined in series across an AC source $ v = 140 \sin (100 \pi t) $ V. Find the rms voltages across these three circuit elements. The algebraic sum of these voltages is more than the rms voltage of source. Explain.

Which of the following figures correctly represents the shape of the curve of binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number?

“The Maharaja vowed he would attend to all other matters only after killing the hundred tigers.”
What image of the Maharaja is reflected in the above statement? (Tiger King)

Sun and Moon were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Their fixed capitals were $₹5,00,000$ each. After the accounts for the year ended 31stMarch, 2024 were prepared, it was discovered that interest on capital @ 10% p.a. was not credited to the partners’ current accounts as provided in the partnership deed.
The rectifying adjustment entry for the same will be :

Particulars	Debit Amount (₹)	Credit Amount (₹)
(A) No Entry
(B) Sun’s Current A/c Dr. To Moon’s Current A/c	50,000	50,000
(C) Moon’s Current A/c Dr. To Sun’s Current A/c	50,000	50,000
(D) Sun’s Current A/c Dr. Moon’s Current A/c Dr. To Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c	50,000 50,000	1,00,000

Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Maximise $ Z = 20x + 30y $ Subject to the constraints: \[ x + y \leq 0, \quad 2x + 3y \geq 100, \quad x \geq 14, \quad y \geq 14. \]

Figure shows variation of Coulomb force (F) acting between two point charges with $ \frac{1}{r^2} $, $ r $ being the separation between the two charges $ (q_1, q_2) $ and $ (q_2, q_3) $. If $ q_2 $ is positive and least in magnitude, then the magnitudes of $ q_1, q_2 $, and $ q_3 $ are such that:

Suppose in an economy, planned spending is greater than planned output. Identify the correct option with respect to effects on the economy:
(i) Decrease in planned inventories in the economy
(ii) Rise in National Income
(iii) Decrease in real output level in the economy
(iv) Decrease in employment level in the economy

A small conducting sphere A of radius $ r $ charged to a potential $ V $, is enclosed by a spherical conducting shell B of radius $ R $. If A and B are connected by a thin wire, calculate the final potential on sphere A and shell B.

In a diffraction experiment, the slit is illuminated by light of wavelength 600 nm. The first minimum of the pattern falls at $ \theta = 30^\circ $. Calculate the width of the slit.

Vinay and Pankaj were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. The following is the extract of their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2024 : Balance Sheet of Vinay and Pankaj as at 31^st March, 2024

Liabilities	Amount (₹)	Assets	Amount (₹)
Investment Fluctuation Fund	6,00,000	Investments	15,00,000
Workmen Compensation Fund	8,00,000

On 1st April, 2024, Parth was admitted as a new partner for $\frac{1}{5}$ share in the profits of the firm on the following terms:

Market value of investments was \u20b9 13,00,000.
Claim on account of Workmen Compensation was estimated at \u20b9 9,00,000.
Pass necessary journal entries for treatment of Investment Fluctuation Fund and Workmen Compensation Fund on the date of Parth\u2019s admission.

Two wires P and Q are made of the same material. Wire Q has twice the diameter and half the length of wire P. If the resistance of wire P is $ R $, the resistance of wire Q will be:

Mass Defect and Energy Released in the Fission of $ ^{235}_{92}\text{U} $
When a neutron collides with $ ^{235}_{92}\text{U} $, the nucleus gives $ ^{140}_{54}\text{Xe} $ and $ ^{94}_{38}\text{Sr} $ as fission products, and two neutrons are ejected. Calculate the mass defect and the energy released (in MeV) in the process.
Given:

Mass of $ ^{235}_{92}\text{U} $: $ m(^{235}_{92}\text{U}) = 235.04393 \, \text{u} $
Mass of $ ^{140}_{54}\text{Xe} $: $ m(^{140}_{54}\text{Xe}) = 139.92164 \, \text{u} $
Mass of $ ^{94}_{38}\text{Sr} $: $ m(^{94}_{38}\text{Sr}) = 93.91536 \, \text{u} $
Mass of neutron $ ^{1}_0n $: $ m(^{1}_0n) = 1.00866 \, \text{u} $
Conversion factor: $ 1 \, \text{u} = 931 \, \text{MeV}/c^2 $

In Young's double slit experiment, the separation between the two slits is 1.0 mm and the screen is 1.0 m away from the slits. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 500 nm and 600 nm, is used to obtain interference fringes. Calculate:
(a) The distance between the first maxima for the two wavelengths.
(b) The least distance from the central maximum, where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide.

Sia, Tisha and Aryan were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4 : 7 : 1. The firm closes its books on 31st March every year. Tisha died on 1st July, 2024. Sia and Aryan will acquire Tisha’s share in which of the following ratio ?

calculate the value of Net Value Added at Factor Cost (NVAFC):

S. No.	Particulars	Amount (In ₹ crore)
(i)	Operating Surplus	3,740
(ii)	Increase in unsold stock	600
(iii)	Sales	10,625
(iv)	Purchase of raw materials	2,625
(v)	Consumption of fixed capital	500
(vi)	Subsidies	400
(vii)	Indirect taxes	1,200

In what ways do the Jain teachings influence the ethical and spiritual practices of the believers? Explain with examples.

You are Nidhi of 42, M.G. Road, Gwalior. You read the given advertisement and wish to apply for the post advertised. Write a job application along with your bio-data. TABLE

Choose the correct statement:

Two statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C), and (D) as given below.
Assertion (A): A series LCR circuit behaves as a pure resistive circuit at resonance.
Reason (R): At resonance, $ X_L = X_C $ gives $ \omega = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}} $.