List of top Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning (DILR) Questions asked in CAT

Answer these questions based on the following Information:

ABC Ltd. produces widgets for which the demand is unlimited and they can sell all of their production. The graph below describes the monthly variable costs incurred by the company as a function of the quantity produced. In addition, operating the plant for one shift results in a fixed monthly cost of Rs. 800. Fixed monthly costs for second shift operation are estimated at Rs. 1200. Each shift operation provides capacity for producing 30 widgets per month.
Note: Average unit cost, AC = Total monthly costs/monthly production, and Marginal cost MC is the rate of change in total cost for unit change in quantity produced.

Answer these questions based on the data given below: The figures below present annual growth rate, expressed as the % change relative to the previous year, in four sectors of the economy of the Republic of Reposia during the 9 year period from 1990 to 1998. Assume that the index of production for each of the four sectors is set at 100 in 1989 Further, the four sectors: manufacturing, mining and quarrying, electricity, and chemicals, respectively, constituted 20%, 15%, 10%, 15 % of total industrial production 1989.

Directions for the next 4 questions: Answer these questions based on the table below:

The table shows trends in external transactions of Indian corporate sector during the period 1993-94 to 1997-98. In addition, following definitions hold good:

Sales, Imports, and Exports, respectively denote the sales, imports and exports in year i.

Deficit in year I, Deficit1 = Imports - Exports

Deficit Intensity in year I, DI = Deficit/Sales

Growth rate of deficit intensity in year I, GDI = $ \frac{DI_i - DI_{i-1}}{DI_{i-1}} $

Further, note that all imports are classified as either raw material or capital goods.

Trends in External Transactions of Indian Corporate Sector (All figures in %)

Year	1997-98	1996-97	1995-96	1994-95	1993-94
Export Intensity*	9.2	8.2	7.9	7.5	7.3
Import Intensity*	14.2	16.2	15.5	13.8	12.4
Imported raw material/total cost of raw material	20.2	19.2	17.6	16.3	16
Imported capital goods/Gross fixed assets	17.6	9.8	11.8	16.3	19.5

*Ratio of exports (or imports) to sales

Directions for the next 4 questions: Answer these questions based on the data presented in the figure below. FEI for a country in a year, is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of its foreign equity inflows to its GDP. The following figure displays the FEIs for select Asian countries for the years 1997 and 1998.

Directions for the next 5 questions: Answer these questions based on the data provided in the table below: Factory Sector by Type of Ownership. All figures in the table are in percent of the total for the corresponding column.

Sector	Factories	Employment	Fixed Capital	Gross Output	Value Added
Public	7	27.7	43.2	25.8	30.8
Central Govt.	1	10.5	17.5	12.7	14.1
State/local Govt.	5.2	16.2	24.3	11.6	14.9
Central & State/local Govt.	0.8	1	1.4	1.5	1.8
Joint	1.8	5.1	6.8	8.4	8.1
Wholly private	90.3	64.6	46.8	63.8	58.7
Others	0.9	2.6	3.2	2	2.4
Total	100	100	100	100	100

Directions for the next 5 questions: Answer the questions with reference to the table given below: Information Technology Industry in India (Figures are in million US dollars)

	1994-95	1995-96	1996-97	1997-98	1998-99
Software:
Domestic	350	490	670	950	1250
Exports	485	734	1083	1750	2650
Hardware:
Domestic	590	1037	1050	1205	1026
Exports	177	35	286	201	4
Peripherals:
Domestic	148	196	181	229	329
Exports	6	6	14	19	18
Training	107	143	185	263	302
Maintenance	142	172	182	221	236
Networking and others	36	73	156	193	237
Total	2041	2886	3807	5031	6052

Additional instructions: For any activity A, year X dominates years Y if IT business in activity A, in the year X, is greater than the IT business, in activity A, in the year Y. For any two IT business activities, A & B, year X dominates year Y if: a) The IT business in activity A, in the year X, is greater than or equal to the IT business, in activity A in the year Y, b) The IT business in activity B, in the year X, is greater than or equal to the IT business in activity B in the year Y and c) There should be strict inequality in the case of at least one activity.

Directions for the next 5 questions: Answer the questions with reference to the table given below: Information Technology Industry in India (Figures are in million US dollars)

	1994-95	1995-96	1996-97	1997-98	1998-99
Software:
Domestic	350	490	670	950	1250
Exports	485	734	1083	1750	2650
Hardware:
Domestic	590	1037	1050	1205	1026
Exports	177	35	286	201	4
Peripherals:
Domestic	148	196	181	229	329
Exports	6	6	14	19	18
Training	107	143	185	263	302
Maintenance	142	172	182	221	236
Networking and others	36	73	156	193	237
Total	2041	2886	3807	5031	6052

Persons X, Y, Z and Q live in red, green, yellow or blue colored houses placed in a sequence on a street. Z lives in a yellow house. The green house is adjacent to the blue house. X does not live adjacent to Z. The yellow house is in between the green and red houses. The color of the house X lives in is :

Two lines are given by the equations $ax + by = c$ and $dx + ey = f$. Do they intersect?
Statement A
A. $a, b, c, d, e, f$ are distinct \& real.
Statement B
B. $c \neq 0$ \& $f \neq 0$.

How many people watch program P?
Statement A
A. The number watching Q is $1000$; the number watching both P and Q is $100$.
Statement B
B. The number of people watching either P or Q or both is $1500$.

In a triangle PQR, $\angle PRQ = 90^\circ$. What is $PR + RQ$?
Statement A
A. The diameter of the incircle is $10$.

Statement B
B. The diameter of the circumcircle is $18$.

What are the ages of X and Y?
Statement A
A. The difference in their ages is $6$.
Statement B
B. The product of their ages is divisible by $6$.

Argentina's beef cattle herd has dropped to under 50 million from 57 million ten years ago in 1990. The animals are worth less, too: prices fell by over a third last year, before recovering slightly. Most local meat packers and processors are in Financial trouble, and recent years have seen a string of plant closures. The Beef Producers' Association has now come up with a massive advertisement campaign calling upon Argentines to eat more beef - their "juicy, healthy, round, plate-Filling" steaks. Which one of the following, if true, would contribute most to a failure of the campaign?

Although in the limited sense of freedom regarding appointments and internal working, the independence of the Central Bank is unequivocally ensured, the same cannot be said of its right to pursue monetary policy without co-ordination with the central government. The role of the Central Bank has turned out to be subordinate and advisory in nature. Which one of the following best supports the conclusion drawn in the passage?

The offer of the government to make iodised salt available at a low price of one rupee per kilo is welcome, especially since the government seems to be so concerned about the ill effects of non iodised salt. But it is doubtful whether the offer will actually be implemented. Way back in 1994, the government, in an earlier effort, had prepared reports outlining three new and simple but experimental methods for reducing the costs of iodisation to about five paise per kilo. But these reports have remained just those-reports on paper. Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the author's contention that it is doubtful whether the offer will be actually implemented?

The problem of traffic congestion in Athens has been testing the ingenuity of politicians and town planners for years. But the measures adopted to date have not succeeded in decreasing the number of cars on the road in the city centre. In 1980, an odds and evens number-plate legislation was introduced, under which odd and even plates were banned in the city centre on alternate days, thereby expecting to halve the number of cars in the city centre. Then in 1993 it was decreed that all cars in use in the city centre must be fitted with catalytic converters, a regulation had just then been introduced, substantially reducing import taxes on cars with catalytic converters, the only condition being that the buyer of such a 'clean' car offered for destruction a car at least 15 years old.
Which one of the following options, if true, would best support the claim that the measures adopted to date have not succeeded?

The pressure on Italy's 257 jails has been increasing rapidly. These jails are old and overcrowded. They are supposed to hold up to 43,000 people—9,000 fewer than now. San Vittore in Milan, which has 1,800 inmates, is designed for 800. The number of foreigners inside jails has also been increasing. The minister in charge of prisons fears that tensions may snap, and so has recommended to the government an amnesty policy.
Which one of the following, if true, would have most influenced the recommendation of the minister?

The Shveta-chatra or the "White Umbrella" was a symbol of sovereign political authority placed over the monarch's head at the time of the coronation. The ruler so inaugurated was regarded not as a temporal autocrat but as the instrument of protective and sheltering firmament of supreme law. The white umbrella symbol is of great antiquity and its varied use illustrates the ultimate common basis of non-theocratic nature of states in the Indian tradition. As such, the umbrella is found, although not necessarily a white one, over the head of Lord Ram, the Mohammedan sultans and Chatrapati Shivaji. Which one of the following best summarizes the above passage?

These questions are based on the price fluctuations of four commodities - arhar, pepper, sugar and gold during February - July 1999 as described in the figures below:

Consider the information provided in the figure below relating to India's foreign trade in 1997-98 and the first eight months of 1998-99.

Total trade with a region is defined as the sum of exports to and imports from that region.
Trade deficit is defined as the excess of imports over exports. Trade deficit may be negative.

A:USA. B:Germany C:Other EU. D:U.K. E:Japan F:Russia
G:Other East Europe H:OPEC I:Asia J:Other LDCs K:Others

Region	Imports 1997-98 (total USD 40,779 million), % share	Imports 1998-99 April-November (total USD 28,126 million), % share	Exports 1997-98 (total USD 33,979 million), % share	Exports 1998-99 April-November (total USD 21,436 million), % share
A: USA	9	9	19	23
B: Germany	5	5	6	6
C: Other EU	12	14	14	14
D: U.K.	6	6	6	5
E: Japan	5	5	6	5
F: Russia	2	1	3	2
G: Other East Europe	19	21	10	12
H: OPEC	23	17	10	10
I: Asia	14	16	20	17
J: Other LDCs	4	5	5	5
K: Others	1	1	1	1

Assume that the average monthly exports from India and imports to India during the remaining four months of 1998-99 would be the same as that for the first eight months of the year.

Consider the information provided in the figure below relating to India's foreign trade in 1997-98 and the first eight months of 1998-99.

Total trade with a region is defined as the sum of exports to and imports from that region.
Trade deficit is defined as the excess of imports over exports. Trade deficit may be negative.

A:USA. B:Germany C:Other EU. D:U.K. E:Japan F:Russia
G:Other East Europe H:OPEC I:Asia J:Other LDCs K:Others

Region	Imports 1997-98 (total USD 40,779 million), % share	Imports 1998-99 April-November (total USD 28,126 million), % share	Exports 1997-98 (total USD 33,979 million), % share	Exports 1998-99 April-November (total USD 21,436 million), % share
A: USA	9	9	19	23
B: Germany	5	5	6	6
C: Other EU	12	14	14	14
D: U.K.	6	6	6	5
E: Japan	5	5	6	5
F: Russia	2	1	3	2
G: Other East Europe	19	21	10	12
H: OPEC	23	17	10	10
I: Asia	14	16	20	17
J: Other LDCs	4	5	5	5
K: Others	1	1	1	1

These questions are based on the table below presenting data on percentage population covered by drinking water and sanitation facilities in selected Asian countries.

Country	Drinking water			Sanitation facilities
Country	Urban	Rural	Total	Urban	Rural	Total
India	85	79	81	70	14	29
Bangladesh	99	96	97	79	44	48
China	97	56	67	74	7	24
Pakistan	82	69	74	77	22	47
Philippines	92	80	86	88	66	77
Indonesia	79	54	62	73	40	51
Sri Lanka	88	52	57	68	62	63
Nepal	88	60	63	58	12	18

(Source: World Resources 1998-99, p. 251, UNDP, UNEP and World Bank.)

Country A is said to dominate B or A > B if A has higher percentage in total coverage for both drinking water and sanitation facilities, and, B is said to be dominated by A, or B < A. A country is said to be on the coverage frontier if no other country dominates it. Similarly, a country is not on the coverage frontier if it is dominated by at least one other country.

These relate to the above table with the additional provison that the gap between the population coverages of ‘sanitation facilities’ and ‘drinking water facilities’ is a measure of disparity in coverage.

These questions are based on the table below presenting data on percentage population covered by drinking water and sanitation facilities in selected Asian countries.

Country	Drinking water			Sanitation facilities
Country	Urban	Rural	Total	Urban	Rural	Total
India	85	79	81	70	14	29
Bangladesh	99	96	97	79	44	48
China	97	56	67	74	7	24
Pakistan	82	69	74	77	22	47
Philippines	92	80	86	88	66	77
Indonesia	79	54	62	73	40	51
Sri Lanka	88	52	57	68	62	63
Nepal	88	60	63	58	12	18

(Source: World Resources 1998-99, p. 251, UNDP, UNEP and World Bank.)

Country A is said to dominate B or A > B if A has higher percentage in total coverage for both drinking water and sanitation facilities, and, B is said to be dominated by A, or B < A. A country is said to be on the coverage frontier if no other country dominates it. Similarly, a country is not on the coverage frontier if it is dominated by at least one other country.

These questions are based on the situation given below:
The figure below presents sales and net profit, in Rs. Crores, of IVP Ltd for the five years from 1994-95 to 1998-99. During this period, the sales increased from Rs.100 Crores to Rs. 680 Crores. Correspondingly, the net profit increased from Rs. 2.5 Crores to Rs. 12 Crores. Net profit is defined as the excess of sales over total costs.

Year	Sales (Rs. Crores)	Net profit (Rs. Crores)
1994-95	100	2.5
1995-96	250	4.5
1996-97	300	6
1997-98	290	8.5
1998-99	680	12

Mr. Mendel grew one hundred flowering plants from black seeds and white seeds, each seed giving rise to one plant. A plant gives flowers of only one colour. From a black seed comes a plant giving red or blue flowers. From a white seed comes a plant giving red or white flowers. How many black seeds were used by Mr. Mendel?
A. The number of plants with white flowers was 10.
B. The number of plants with red flowers was 70.