Question

Write the steps involved in the extraction of metals from ores.

Hint:

The extraction of metals involves concentration, extraction, and refining, depending on the metal's reactivity.

Answer 1

The extraction of metals from their ores involves several major steps:
Step 1: Concentration of Ore
- The ore is first crushed and concentrated to remove impurities.
- Methods like gravity separation, magnetic separation, and froth flotation are used.

Step 2: Extraction of Metal

- For highly reactive metals (e.g., sodium, aluminum): Electrolysis is used.

- For moderately reactive metals (e.g., iron, zinc): Reduction using carbon or carbon monoxide is applied.

- For less reactive metals (e.g., silver, gold): Roasting or calcination is used.

Step 3: Refining of Metal
- The crude metal obtained is purified using electrolysis, distillation, or zone refining.
Example: Extraction of iron from hematite (\(Fe_2O_3\)): \[ Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO_2 \]